Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 13 3 2014 09 15 149 153 Behnaz Sedighi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Abbas Pardakhty Department of Pharmacology ,School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Hoda Kamali Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Kaveh Shafiee Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Bahar Naz Hasani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Cognitive  impairment  is one of the  most crucial disorders  among  multiple  sclerosis (MS) patients. Since  MS  is  an inflammatory disease   and   Boswellia papyrifera has anti-inflammatory effects, the influence of B. papyrifera  on  cognitive  impairment   in  MS patients   has been investigated  in the present study. Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 MS patients  who referred to the clinic of Shafa Hospital, Kerman, Iran were selected. Having completed a written  consent  form, patients  with relapsing remitting MS, with no occurrence of a new attack throughout 1 month  before the study, with no pregnancy or breastfeeding entered the study. The patients  were randomly divided into two groups; then Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) test was carried out. One group received B. papyrifera (capsule 300 mg, twice a day) while the other group received placebo with the same dose  for 2 months. After 2 months  of treatment, BICAMS was redone  and  changes  were  analyze .The significant change value on the before-after BICAMS points were considered  to be 8, 13, and 7 points for the symbol digit modality  test (SDMT),  the  California verbal  learning  test (CVLT),  and  the  brief visual-spatial  memory  test  revised (BVMT-R), respectively. Results:  The  patients’  mean  age  was 36.58     8.50  years. The mean duration of disease was 7.41    4.13 years. About 84.2% (n = 64) of the patients  was female. In the BVMT-R, 13 patients  (34.2%), who had  already taken  B. papyrifera, were shown to have significant improvement compared  to the  placebo  group  with  no  improvement  (P <  0.  001). About  12 and  8 patients  in the  treatment and  placebo groups in the SDMT, respectively (P = 0.200) and 17 and 12 patients  in the treatment and placebo groups in the CVLT, respectively (P = 0.170) had signi@cant change values. Conclusion: B. papyrifera showed significant improvement in  visuospatial  memory,  but   had   no  effect  on  verbal memory and information processing speed. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/604 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/604/198