Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2016 02 20 1 1 EN Iranian Journal of Neurology Iranian Journal of Neurology Official journal of Iranian Neurological Association 2016 02 20 No Abstract####  https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/995 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/995/263

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 1 7 Abbas Tafakhori Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital AND Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vajiheh Aghamollaii Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Roozbeh Hospital AND Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sara Faghihi-Kashani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Payam Sarraf Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital AND Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Laleh Habibi Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Studies have demonstrated that genetic factors have a strong role in etiology of epilepsy. Mutations in genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitters and other proteins involved in the neuronal biology have been recognized in different types of this disease. Moreover, some chromosomal aberration including ring chromosomes will result in epilepsy. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of molecular genetic in etiology of epilepsy syndromes, inspect the most recent classification of International League against Epilepsy and discuss the role of genetic counseling and genetic testing in management of epilepsy syndromes. Furthermore, we emphasize on collaboration of neurologists and geneticists to improve diagnosis and management. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/581 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/581/221

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 8 11 Mohammad Abdollahi Iranian Center of Neurological Research AND Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mansoureh Toghae Iranian Center of Neurological Research AND Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Firoozeh Raisi Psychiatric and Clinical Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Elaheh Saffari Iranian Center of Neurological Research AND Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) defines as any disorder in the process of sexual contact including 6 main domains, desire, arousal, lubrication,  orgasm,  orgasm  satisfaction  and  pain. This study was conducted to evaluate prevalence of sexual dysfunction disorder in women with migraine headache and also find the associated factors related to migraine characteristics. Methods: A total of 69 eligible woman patients fulfilling criteria for migraine participated in this study. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a multi- dimensional self-report implement for appraisal of Female Sexual Function during the past month were utilized in this study. The information related to migraine including frequency, duration of headache attack, severity of headache according to visual analog scale (VAS) score  and  headache impact  test  (HIT)  score were obtained using a self-administrated questionnaire. Results: About 68.4% of patients had an FSFI score < 28. In  domains of  desire 73.7%, arousal 64.9%, lubr cation 21.1%, orgasm 33.3%, satisfaction 17.5%, associated with FSD. Serotonin mechanisms such as 5HT2, 5HT3 agonist have been hypothesized as  a shared etiology for migraine and sexual dysfunction. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/580 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/580/222

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 12 16 Massoud Mahmoudian Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Rezvani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Rohani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Foozya Benaissa Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Jalili Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shadi Ghourchian Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Massive ischemic stroke causes significant mortality and morbidity in stroke patients. The main treatments for massive ischemic stroke are recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), craniotomy, and endovascular interventions. Due to destructive  effects  of   bradykinin  on  the  nervous system in ischemic stroke, it seems reasonable that using Noscapine as a Bradykinin antagonist may improve patients’ outcome after ischemic stroke. The effect of Noscapine on massive ischemic stroke was shown by the previous pilot study by our group. This pseudo-randomized clinical trial study was designed to assess the result of the pilot study. Methods: Patients who had clinical symptoms or computed tomography scan indicative of massive stroke (in full middle cerebral artery territory) were entered to the study. The cases received the drugs according to their turns in emergency ward (pseudo-randomized). The patient group received Noscapine, and the control group received common supportive treatments. The patients and data analyzer were blinded about the data. At the mend of the study, to adjust confounding variables we used logistic regression. Results: After 1-month follow-up, 16 patients in the control group and 11 patients in the case group expired (P = 0.193). Analyzing the data extracted from Rankin scale and Barthel index check lists, revealed no significant differences in the two groups.Conclusion: Despite the absence of significant statistical results in our study, the reduction rate of 16% for mortality rate in Noscapine recipients is clinically remarkable and  motivates future  studies  with  larger sample sizes. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/579 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/579/223

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 17 21 Masoud Nikanfar Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Ali Akbar Taheri-Aghdam Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Maria Yazdani Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Sheida Shaafi Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Nooshin Masoudian Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Hossein Akbari Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Parisa Youhanaee Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Hamzeh Abbaszadeh Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: It seems that serum vitamin D levels are one of the potential environmental factors affecting the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we aim to evaluate vitamin D levels in MS patients and healthy subjects and assess the relationship between vitamin D level and disability. Methods: In this case-control study, 168 rapid relapsing MS patients and 168 matched healthy controls were randomly included in this study. Demographic characteristics and serum vitamin D levels for patients and controls, as well as expanded disability status scale (EDSS), duration of disease and diagnostic lag for patients were evaluated. We followed up patients for 6 months and relapses were recorded. Results:  The  mean  serum  vitamin  D  levels  were 19.16 ± 17.37 inpatients and 25.39 ± 19.67 in controls (P = 0.560). The mean serum vitamin D levels were 12.65 ±  13.3 in patients with relapses and 22.08 ± 18.22 in  patients without any relapses (P < 0.001). There  was  no  significant  correlation  between  E SS score and serum vitamin D levels (r = −0.08, P = 0.280). There  was  a  significant  positive  correlation  between EDSS score and disease duration (r = 0.52, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin D level in patients with  MS  was  significantly  lower  than  the  healthy subjects,  but  no  significant  relationship  was  found between vitamin D levels and disability.  Our findings did not suggest a protective role for serum vitamin D levels against disability. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/578 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/578/224

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 22 28 Zeinab Taheri Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Hosein Harirchian Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hosein Ghanaati Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Khoshnevisan Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Payman Salamati Department of Community Medicine, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mojtaba Miri Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kavous Firouznia Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mina Saeednejad Department of Radiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran. Madjid Shakiba Department of Radiology, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Management of intracranial aneurysms has made debates about the best treatment modality in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the interventional outcomes between two groups of patients, one treated with endovascular coiling and the other treated with surgical clipping. Methods: This prospective study included 48 patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular coiling (27 patients) or surgical clipping (21 patients) from July 2011 to August 2013. A neurologist examined patients in admission and followed them by phone call 1-year after intervention. Results: Mean modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score at the  time  of  admission  in  endovascular  group  was 2.86 ± 0.974 whereas it was 3.81 ± 1.078 in surgical clipping group (P  = 0.0040). Focal neurologic signs were higher in clipping during procedures (P = 0.0310). Of 37 patients who followed up for a year, 19 were in endovascular group and 18 in surgical clipping group. At 1 year follow-up, MRS improvement was statistic lly significant in  coiling group (P =  0.0090), but not  in clipping group (P = 0.8750). Mean difference of MRS score at the time of admission and at one year later, was   0.947   ±   1.224   in   endo vascular   group   and 0.111 ± 2.083 in surgical group (P = 0.3000). Conclusion:  There  was  no  statistically  significant difference at 1 year outcome between two groups. We recommend further  interventional studies  with  larger sample sizes for better evaluation of the modalities. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/577 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/577/225

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 29 34 Mousa Reza Anbarloui Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Khoshnevisan Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Khadivi Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Abdollahzadeh Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Aoude Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soheil Naderi Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zeynab Najafi Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine AND Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Morteza Faghih-Jouibari Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Distinction between radiation necrosis and recurrence of intraparenchymal tumors is necessary to select the appropriate treatment, but it is often difficult based on imaging features alone. We developed an algorithm for analyzing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings and studied its accuracy in differentiation between radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence. Methods:   Thirty-three   patients   with   a   history   of intraparenchymal brain tumor resection and radiotherapy, which had developed new enhancing lesion were evaluated by MRS and subsequently underwent reoperation. Lesions with Choline (Cho)/N- acetyl aspartate (NAA) > 1.8 or Cho/Lipid > 1 were considered as tumor recurrence and the remaining as radiation necrosis. Finally, pre-perative MRS diagnoses were compared with histopathological report. Results: The histological diagnosis was recurrence in 25 patients and necrosis in 8 patients. Mean Cho/NAA in  recurrent  tumors  was  2.72,  but  it  was  1.46  in radiation necrosis (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Cho/Lipid was significantly higher in recurrent tumors (P < 0.01) with the mean of 2.78 in recurrent tumors and 0.6 in radiation     necrosis.    Sensitivity,    specificity,    and diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm for detecting tumor recurrence were 84%, 75% and 81%, respectively. Conclusion: MRS is a safe and informative tool for differentiating    between   tumor   recurrence   and radiation necrosis. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/576 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/576/226

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 35 40 Siamak Abdi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shahram Oveis-Gharan Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farnaz Sinaei Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Askar Ghorbani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Serum troponin elevation, characteristic of ischemic myocardial injury, has been observed in some acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Its cause and significance are still controversial. The purpose of this study is to find determinants of troponin elevation and its relationship with stroke severity and location. Methods:Between January 2013 and August 2013, 114 consecutive AIS patients confirmed by diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging were recruited in this study. Serum troponin T level was measured as part of routine laboratory testing on admission. Ten lead     standard     electrocardiogram    (ECG)     was performed and stoke severity was assessed based on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: Troponin T was elevated in 20 (17.6%) of 114 patients. Patients with elevated troponin were more   likely   to   have   higher   age,   higher   serum creatinine  and  ischemic  ECG  changes.  Troponin levels were higher in patients with more severe stroke measured  by  NIHSS  [7.96  (6.49-9.78)  vs.  13.59 (10.28-18.00)].  There  was  no  association  between troponin and locations of stroke and atrial fibrillation. There were 6 (5%) patients with elevated troponin in the presence of normal creatinine and ECG. Conclusion:  Stroke  severity,  not  its  location,  was associated   with   higher   troponin   levels.   Abnormal troponin levels are more likely, but not exclusively, to be due to cardiac and renal causes than cerebral ones. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/575 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/575/227

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 41 46 Saeid Khosrawi Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Parisa Taheri Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Seyed Hasan Hashemi Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: H-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) H-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and to determine whether there is any regression equation between them. Methods: By considering the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, 120 upper limbs of 69 normal volunteers (68 hands of 39 men and 52 hands of 30 women) with the mean age of 39.8 ± 11.2 years participated in this study. FCR H-reflex was obtained by standard electrodiagnostic  techniques,  and  its  onset  latency was recorded. Upper limb length and arm length weremeasured   in   defined   position. The   degree   of association between these variables was determined with  Pearson correlation and  linear  regression was used for obtaining the proposed relaions. Results: Mean FCR H-reflex latency was found to be 15.88 ± 1.27 ms. There was a direct linear correlation between FCR H-reflex latency and upper limb length (r = 0.647) and also arm length (r = 0.574), but there was no significant correlation between age and FCR H-reflex latency (P = 0.260). Finally, based on our findings, we tried to formulate these relations by statistical methods. Conclusion: We found that upper limb length and arm length are good predictive values for estimation of normal FCR H-reflex latency but age, in the range of 20-60 years old, has no correlation with its latency. This estimation could have practical indications in pathologic conditions. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/574 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/574/228

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 47 49 Fahmi Nasrallah Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Jebbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia. Hanene Benrhouma Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, School of Medicine, Mongi Ben Hmida Institute of Neurology, 1700 Tunis, Tunisia. Ichraf Kraoua Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, School of Medicine, Mongi Ben Hmida Institute of Neurology, 1700 Tunis, Tunisia. Gilbert Briand Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Metabolism-Nutrition, Oncology, Biology Pathology Center CHRU, 57039 Lille, France. Souheil Omar Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Mongi Ben Hmida Institute of Neurology, 1700 Tunis, Tunisia. Ilhem Turki Ben Youssef Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, School of Medicine, Mongi Ben Hmida Institute of Neurology, 1700 Tunis, Tunisia. Naziha Kaabachi Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Jebbari, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia. 2015 10 14 Background: H-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) H-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and to determine whether there is any regression equation between them. Methods: By considering the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, 120 upper limbs of 69 normal volunteers (68 hands of 39 men and 52 hands of 30 women) with the mean age of 39.8 ± 11.2 years participated in this study. FCR H-reflex was obtained by standard electrodiagnostic  techniques,  and  its  onset  latency was recorded. Upper limb length and arm length were measured in  defined position.The degree  of association between these variables was determined with  Pearson correlation and  linear  regression was used for obtaining the proposed relations. Resalts: Mean FCR H-reflex latency was found to be 15.88 ± 1.27 ms. There was a direct linear correlation between FCR H-reflex latency and upper limb length (r = 0.647) and also arm length (r = 0.574), but there was no significant correlation between age and FCR H-reflex latency (P = 0.260). Finally, based on our findings, we tried to formulate these relations by statistical methods. Conclusion: We found that upper limb length and arm length are good predictive values for estimation of normal FCR H-reflex latency but age, in the range of 20-60 years old, has no correlation with its latency. This estimation could have practical indications in pathologic conditions. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/573 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/573/229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 50 51 Abdolhamid Shariat Department of Neurology, Shiraz Neurosciences Research Center AND Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Ehsan Yaghoubi Department of Neurology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Kamran Aghasadeghi Department of Neurology, Shiraz Neurosciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Abbas Rahimi Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurology Research Center, Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Reza Nemati Department of Cardiology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Nahid Ashjazadeh Department Neurology, Shiraz Neurosciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2015 10 14 No Abstract https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/572 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/572/230

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 571 571 Mohammad Rohani Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Gholamali Shahidi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 No Abstract https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/571 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/571/231

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 14 1 2015 03 15 53 58 Arian Petoft Department of Public Law, School of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Neurolaw, as an interdisciplinary field which links the brain to law, facilitates the pathway to better understanding of human behavior in order to regulate it accurately through incorporating neuroscience achievements in legal studies. Since 1990's, this emerging field, by study on human nervous system as a new dimension of legal phenomena, leads to a more precise explanation for human behavior to revise legal rules and decision-makings. This paper strives to bring about significantly a brief introduction to neurolaw so as to take effective steps toward exploring and expanding the scope of law and more thorough understanding of legal issues in the field at hand. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/570 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/570/232