Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 06 06 1072 1072 EN Iranian journal of neurology Iranian journal of neurology Official journal of Iranian Neurological Association 2016 06 06 Clck to download the index of this issue. No Astract## https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1072 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1072/283

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 05 63 69 EN Sheida Shaafi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran‎ Safa Najmi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran‎ Hamed Aliasgharpour Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran‎ Javad Mahmoudi Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Saeed Sadigh-Etemad Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mahdi Farhoudi Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Negar Baniasadi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran 2015 12 24 2016 02 14 Background: The ketogenic diet (KD), high in fat and low in carbohydrate and protein, provides sufficient protein but insufficient carbohydrates for all the metabolic needs of the body. KD has been known as a therapeutic manner intractable epilepsy. In recent years, the effectiveness of KD drew attention to the treatment of some other disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study has evaluated the efficacy of KD on motor function in Parkinsonian model of rat and compared it with pramipexole. Methods: A total of 56 male Wistar rats weighing 200-240 g between 12 and 14 weeks of age were randomized in seven 8-rat groups as follows: Control group; sham-operated group; KD group; Parkinsonian control group; KD-Parkinsonian group; pramipexole-Parkinsonian group; and KD-pramipexole-Parkinsonian group. The results of bar test, beam traversal task test, and cylinder task test were compared between the groups. Results: The mean number of ketone bodies had increased significantly in the rats blood after KD. Regarding the results of the triad tests, no statistically significant difference was found between the controls and the sham-operated group. Among the Parkinsonian rats, better results were found in KD groups compared to the non-KD group. The KD enhanced the effect of pramipexole for motor function but did not reach a statistically significant level. Conclusion: The KD reinforced the motor function in Parkinsonian rats in our study. When the diet was combined with pramipexole, the effectiveness of the drug increased in enhancing motor function. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/935 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/935/269

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 10 70 74 EN Masoud Mehrpour Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of ‎Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Mirzaasgari Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of ‎Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Rohani Department of Neurology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, ‎Tehran, Iran Mahdi Safdarian Student of Medicine, School of Medicine, ‎Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran‎ 2015 10 19 2016 04 10 Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral entrapment neuropathy in patients with hypothyroid. The diagnosis of CTS is usually clinical and confirmed by electrodiagnostic (EDX) procedures. This study aimed to describe the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography (US) as an alternative method to nerve conduction study (NCS) for the diagnosis of subclinical CTS in patients with hypothyroidism. Methods: Between April 2013 and November 2014, from the patients with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism referring to the institute of endocrinology and metabolism of Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, those who met our inclusion criteria entered this cross-sectional study. The patients divided into two groups of subclinical CTS with the age- and gender-matched control group. US measurements of the median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) in the CT inlet were compared with the NCS results as the gold standard diagnostic test. Results: A total number of 152 wrists of 76 hypothyroid patients were examined in this study. The mean of median nerve CSA at the tunnel inlet was 9.96 ± 2.20 mm2 for the CTS group and 7.08 ± 1.38 mm2 for the control group (P < 0.05). 31 wrists (20.4%) were diagnosed as CTS using NCS while US diagnosed 19 wrists (12.5%) as CTS. Using receiver-operating-characteristics analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of US at the diagnosis of CTS were 45.0 and 95.8%, respectively, with a median nerve CSA cutoff point of 9.8 mm2. Positive and negative predictive values of US were 87.2 and 85.5%, respectively, with a test accuracy of 85.5%. Conclusion: According to our findings, US has an acceptable diagnostic value to confirm CTS in hypothyroid patients. However, it may not replace NCS due to low sensitivity. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/863 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/863/278

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 09 75 79 EN Farnaz Akbari Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical ‎Sciences, Tehran, Iran Askar Ghorbani Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical ‎Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Fatehi Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical ‎Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 04 09 2016 04 09 Background: Evidence is accumulating that venous thromboembolism is not limited to coagulation system and immune system seems to be involved in formation and resolution of thrombus. Some studies have demonstrated the role of inflammatory factors in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of limbs; however, there has not been such study in the patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The purpose of this study was to evaluate inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the patients with the history of CVST. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 20 patients with the first episode of CVST and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The patients were seen only after anticoagulant treatment had been discontinued for at least 3 months. IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in two groups. Results: The median age of patients was 37.0 [interquartile range (IQR) = 31.75-42.75] and in control group was 42.0 (IQR = 38.0-40.6) (P = 0.18). In patients group, 14 (70%) were females and in control group, also, 14 (70%) subjects were female (P = 0.01). It is significant that the level of IL-6 was significantly higher in the control group [patients: median: 9.75, IQR: 8.98-10.65; controls: median: 11.45, IQR: 10.28-13.10; P = 0.01]; however, the ESR level was higher in the patients. On the subject of IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, no significant difference was detected. Conclusion: We did not find higher concentrations of inflammatory ILs in the patients with the history of CVST that is contradictory with some findings in venous thrombosis of the extremities; however, the studies with larger sample size may be required. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1031 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1031/281

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 08 80 84 EN Faraidoon Haghdoost Medical Student Research Center AND Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of ‎Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahsa Gharzi Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ Farough Faez Pharmacy Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Elinaz Hosseinzadeh Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ Mohamadhasan Tajaddini Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Laleh Rafiei Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh Asgari Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ Mahboobeh Banihashemi Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ Samaneh Sadat Masjedi Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ Alireza Zandifar Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ Shaghayegh Haghjooy-Javanmard Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2015 11 06 2016 04 08 Background: Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder with multifactorial and polygenic inheritance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a migraine without aura and Ala379Val polymorphism of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) gene in the Iranian population. Methods: In this study, 103 migraine patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. DNA samples were extracted and the Ala379Val polymorphism of Lp-PLA2 gene was investigated. To assess severity of a headache, patients filled out the headache impact test (HIT-6) and migraine severity (MIGSEV) questionnaires. Results: Allele V had significantly lower frequency in the case group than control subjects [P = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.40]. The frequency of migraine patients that were a carrier of V allele (V/V and A/V) was statistically significant lower than the control group (P = 0.003, OR = 2.39, CI: 1.35-4.23). There was no significant difference of alleles frequency between three grades of MIGSEV (P = 0.316). Furthermore, total HIT-6 score was not significantly different between different genotypes (P = 0.466). Conclusion: Our results showed that Ala379Val gene polymorphism of LP-PLA2 is associated with lower risk of migraine but not with severity of headaches in an Iranian population. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/883 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/883/280

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 05 85 91 EN Majid Ghasemi Neuroscience Research Center AND Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, ‎Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran‎ 2015 10 30 2016 03 14 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) misdiagnosis has many broad implications for the patient and the neurologist. Potentially curative treatments exist for certain ALS mimic syndromes, but delay in starting these therapies may have an unfavorable effect on outcome. Hence, it is important to exclude similar conditions. In this review, we discuss some of the important mimics of ALS. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/873 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/873/277

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 05 92 95 EN Payam Khomand Department of Neurology, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, ‎Iran Kambiz Hassanzadeh Cellular and Molecular Research Center AND Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, ‎School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2016 02 06 2016 02 20 Background: We report a case series of cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) in women who used oral contraceptive pill (OCP) in the Muslims Ramadan and fasting month. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series of 9 patients with diagnosis of CVT, who admitted in the neurology ward of Tohid Hospital of Sanandaj, Iran, in July-August 2014-2015. Results: Patients had no history of thrombosis before. They were treated with oral contraceptive more than 1 month to be able to fast during Ramadan. They did not have other possible risk factors for CVT. A headache was the most common in 9/9 patients (100%) followed by vomiting and vertigo. Conclusion: We found that high rate of CVT in female population during Ramadan indicates that it needs be considered as a specific risk factor and should be considered by healthcare system. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/985 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/985/271

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 15 2 2016 04 09 96 99 EN Fatemeh Bidar ‎Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid ‎Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran, Iran Fariborz Faeghi ‎Department of Radiology Technology, School of A, Isfahan, Iran Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Maryam Bemanalizadeh Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh Panahi Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Hosna Mirzajani Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2017 01 14 2017 06 25 Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is diagnosed on the basis of motor symptoms, but non-motor symptoms (NMS) have high prevalence in PD and often antecede motor symptoms for years and cause severe disability. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of NMS in patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Isfahan, Iran, on patients with PD. The prevalence of NMS was evaluated by the NMS questionnaire, the NMS scale, and Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used for assessing cognition. Results: A total of 81 patients, including 60 men and 21 women, were recruited for this study. The prevalence of NMS was 100%, and the most commonly reported symptom was fatigue (87.7%); there was a strong correlation between NMS and the quality of life (QOL) of patients with PD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that NMS are highly prevalent in the PD population and adversely affect QOL in these patients. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve QOL and can help in disability management of patients with PD. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1214 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1214/343

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 125 129 EN Maryam Khooshideh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Ghaffarpour Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sama Bitarafan Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 01 08 2017 05 15 Background: To date, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) is the treatment of choice for prevention of seizure in eclampsia and preeclampsia. However, there are some limitations in the administration of MgSO4 due to its tocolytic effects. The aim of this study was to compare the anticonvulsant and tocolytic effects of MgSO4 and another drug, phenytoin, in patients with eclampsia and preeclampsia. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women hospitalised with eclampsia or preeclampsia, during 2014–2016. The subjects were randomly assigned to two treatment groups using blocking method based on disease (eclampsia or mild and severe preeclampsia). One group received MgSO4 (group M) and another group received phenytoin (group P) as treatment. Each group consisted of 110 and 65 women with mild and severe preeclampsia, respectively (subgroup A), and 25 women with eclampsia (subgroup B). Duration of labor, the number of cesarean sections, convulsions and Apgar scores of infants were compared between the two groups and were considered as treatment outcomes. Results: Convulsion rate was significantly lower with MgSO4 than phenytoin (P = 0.001). No seizure occurred in patients with mild preeclampsia in group P. Duration of stage one of labor (P < 0.001) and the number of cesarean sections (P = 0.040) were significantly higher in group M. However, one-minute Apgar scores for newborns were higher in women treated with MgSO4 compared to that of phenytoin (P = 0.001). Five-minute Apgar was not significantly different. Conclusion: Although MgSO4 is more effective than phenytoin for prevention of convulsion in eclampsia and severe preeclampsia, phenytoin may be considered for treatment of special conditions such as mild preeclampsia. Due to the tocolytic effects of MgSO4 on increasing the duration of labor, the increased risk of cesarean section and the potential for toxicity, physicians should critically consider the best drug according to the condition of the patient. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1208 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1208/339

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 08 130 135 EN Mahsa Arzani Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Sahraian Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Rezaei Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Urology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdorreza Naser-Moghadasi Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 02 17 2017 07 08 Background: Isolated relapsing optic neuropathy is a recurrent painful optic nerve inflammation without any sign of other demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders, and the attacks are purely responsive to steroid therapy. Methods: Recurrent isolated optic neuritis (RION) was diagnosed in patients who presented with at least two disseminating episodes of optic neuritis, and negative clinical, para-clinical, and radiological features of the demyelinating, infiltrative and vasculitis disorders involving optic nerve. The patients were assigned into two groups, chronic recurrent isolated optic neuritis (CRION) entailing patients with steroid dependent attack of optic neuritis and RION patients without steroid dependent attack of optic neuritis. They were monitored over a median of 4.0 ± 2.5 years. Results: There were 16 women and six men with CRION and RION; with the median age of 31.7 ± 9.8 (29.3 ± 9.7 for women and 37.7 ± 7.7 for men). The women to men ratio was 2.6:1. The mean optic neuritis attack was 2.95 ± 1.32 in total. Eight patients were RION while 14 patients fulfilled CRION criteria and took long term immuno-suppressive drugs. In their follow-up, 4 out of 14 CRION cases (28.5%) showed clinical and concordant para-clinical features of NMO sp