Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 107 111 EN Gholam Ali Shahidi Department of Neurology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Roohani Department of Neurology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansour Parvaresh Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahram Haghi-Ashtiani Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Saeeedi Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Romina Rashedi Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeynab Noori-Motlagh Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 09 09 2017 06 04 Background: The objective of our study was to assess Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score in Parkinson disease (PD) patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) 6 years after their surgery and to compare their UPDRS score 6 years after DBS with their score before surgery and 6 months after their operation. Methods: In this cross sectional study which was carried out at Neurology Department of Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences between 2008 and 2014, 37 patients with advanced PD were enrolled using non-randomized sampling method. All of the patients underwent STN DBS surgery and one patient died before being discharged, therefore; we started our study with 36 patients. The UPDRS III total score at preoperative state, 6-month follow-up and 6-year follow-up state were compared using repeated-measure analysis of variance. Results: Thirty-seven patients (26 men and 10 women) with mean age of 50 ± 3 ranging from 32 to 72 years underwent STN DBS surgery. All patients were suffering from advanced PD with mean period of 11.3 ± 1.9 years. All patients except one were followed up for six months. And 14 patients (8 men and 6 women) were included in a six-year follow-up. The UPDRS score measurements before surgery, at 6-month follow-up and 6-year follow-up were 18.22 ± 2.88, 12.80 ± 3.14, 25.0 ± 11.8, respectively. Significant increase in UPDRS score was observed between the preoperative and six-year follow-up period (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggests that total UPDRS score will increase at 5 years following STN DBS and also showed that resting tremor, one of UPDRS sub-scores, will improve over time and the benefit of DBS will be persistent even after 6 years. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1128 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1128/337

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 156 158 EN Moussa Toudou-Daouda Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco Hamid Assadeck Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Niamey National Hospital, Niamey, Niger Boubacar Efared Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco 2016 07 31 2017 06 15 Sarcoidosis limbic encephalitis: A case report https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1111 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1111/338

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 146 155 EN Debraj Sen Department of Radiology, Military Hospital, Jodhpur, India Anusree Majumder Department of Pathology, Military Hospital, Jodhpur, India Vijinder Arora Department of Radiology, Sri Guru Ramdas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India Neha Yadu Department of Radiology, Command Hospital, Lucknow, India Ritwik Chakrabarti Department of Radiology, Military Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, India 2016 03 09 2017 06 25 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. However, current therapies do not prevent progression of the disease. New research into the pathogenesis of the disease has brought about a greater understanding of the “amyloid cascade” and associated receptor abnormalities, the role of genetic factors, and revealed that the disease process commences 10 to 20 years prior to the appearance of clinical signs. This greater understanding of the disease has prompted development of novel disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) which may prevent onset or delay progression of the disease. Using genetic biomarkers like apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4, biochemical biomarkers like cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid and tau proteins, and imaging biomarkers like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), it is now possible to detect preclinical AD and also monitor its progression in asymptomatic people. These biomarkers can be used in the selection of high-risk populations for clinical trials and also to monitor the efficacy and side-effects of DMT. To validate and standardize these biomarkers and select the most reliable, repeatable, easily available, cost-effective and complementary options is the challenge ahead. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1007 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1007/340

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 30 162 163 EN Masoud Mehrpour Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh Haji-Akhoundi Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Babak Zamani Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 07 03 2017 07 24 Coiled distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm in transcranial sonography https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1349 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1349/344

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 12 10 1465 1465 Iranian journal of neurology Iranian journal of neurology Official journal of Iranian Neurological Association 2017 12 10 Journal IndexOfficial journal of Iranian Neurological Association https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1465 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1465/359

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 112 117 EN Mehdi Farhoudi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Kaveh Mehrvar Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iranian Social Security Organization, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mazyar Hashemilar Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Manouchehr Seyedi-Vafaee Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabad Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Reza Rikhtegar Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Babak Saber-Maroof Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Abutalebi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mahsa Rezaei Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sahar Vaferi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Aghili Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Omid Ebrahimi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Majdi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Hasan Mokhtare Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hadiseh Kavandi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hadi Ahmadi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Ramak Barnous Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 04 11 2017 06 25 Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of death and first cause of disability in adults in the world. About 80% of all stroke deaths occur in developing countries. So far, the data on stroke epidemiology have been limited in Iran. Therefore, this study was focused on stroke demographic data, risk factors, types and mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was done in two university tertiary referral hospitals in Tabriz, northwest of Iran, from March 2008 to April 2013. Patients diagnosed with stroke were enrolled in the study. Demographic data, stroke subtypes, duration of hospitalization, stroke risk factors and hospital mortality rate were recorded for all the patients. Results: A total number of 5355 patients were evaluated in the present study. Mean age of the patients was 67.5 ± 13.8 years, and 50.6% were men. Final diagnosis of ischemic stroke was made in 76.5% of the patients, intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with or without intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 14.3% and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 9.2%. Stroke risk factors among the patients were hypertension in 68.8% of the patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) in 23.9%, smoking in 12.6% and ischemic heart diseases (IHD) in 17.1%. Mean hospital stay was 17.3 days. Overall, the in-hospital mortality was 20.5%. Conclusion: Compared to other studies, duration of hospital stay was longer and mortality rate was higher in this study. Hypertension was the most common risk factor and cardiac risk factors and DM had relatively lower rate in comparison to other studies. Because of insufficient data on the epidemiology, patterns, and risk factors of stroke in Iran, there is a necessity to develop and implement a national registry system. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1280 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1280/345

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 159 161 EN Safa Najmi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, USA Armaghan Ghareaghaji-Zare Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Saeed Ghazanfari-Amlashi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2017 04 23 2017 06 25 Churg-Straus syndrome: A case report https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1300 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1300/341

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 16 3 2017 07 05 118 124 EN Mehri Salari Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ahmad Chitsaz Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Masoud Etemadifar Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Reza Najafi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Omid Mirmosayyeb Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciencess study was conducted on 270 literate men and women Persian adults aged from 20 to 69 years. Subjects must select a picture or word between two pictures or words that was closer to target. Results: The word score was significantly positively correlated with the picture score (r = 0.508, P < 0.001). Word scores (median = 50, Q1-Q3 = 49-51) were higher than the picture scores (median = 50, Q1-Q3 = 48-51), although the difference was small (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Demographic variables such as age, gender, and level of education were not significant predictors for both versions in Persian population. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1350 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1350/366

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 17 1 2018 01 04 24 30 EN Nazem Ghasemi Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2017 06 03 2017 12 23 Background: Stem cell-based therapy is a new method for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells which have a higher frequency in the fat tissue and have the ability to differentiate into other cell types outside their lineage. Due to some serious adverse events of cell-based therapy such as tumorigenic potential, the aim of this study was to evaluate of hADSCs differentiation into oligodendrocytes as a valuable way for future cell transplantation. Methods: hADSC were isolated from lipoaspirate samples of human abdominal fat. After hADSC characterization via flow cytometry, the cells were induced to oligodendrocytes using a special differentiation medium. Finally, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), immunocytochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used for the evaluation of differentiated cells. Results: Flow cytometry indicated that hADSCs were CD105- and CD49-positive, but were negative for CD31 and CD45 markers. In addition, immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that a high percent of differentiated cells expressed oligodendrocyte progenitor cells markers [A2B5 and oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig2)] which were significantly higher than myelin basic protein (MBP) which is mature oligodendrocytes marker. Moreover, a very low percentage of differentiated cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) marker. Finally, real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis confirmed the results of immunocytochemistry. Conclusion: Since hADSCs have the potential to differentiate into multi-lineage cells and due to their additional characteristics such as immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, it seems that these cells may be an ideal cell source for oligodendrocytes differentiation. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1331 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1331/367

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 17 1 2018 01 04 31 37 EN Elyar Sadeghi-Hokmabadi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Yazdchi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehdi Farhoudi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Homayoun Sadeghi Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Aliakbar Taheraghdam Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Reza Rikhtegar Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hannaneh Aliyar Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sahar Mohammadi-Fallah Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Rogayyeh Asadi Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Elham Mehdizadeh-Far Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Neda Ghaemian Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2017 01 02 2017 12 18 Background: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been long approved as an efficacious treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, due to some serious complications, particularly intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), many physicians are still reluctant to use it liberally. This study sought to find potential prognostic factors in patients with AIS treated with tPA. Methods: A retrospective, hospital-bases observational study was conducted. Consecutively, a total of 132 patients with AIS treated with intravenous tPA, form June 2011 to July 2015 were enrolled. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on updated guidelines. Probable prognostic variables were examined separately in three distinct groups; the occurrence of ICH within 24 hours after treatment, poor 3-month outcome on the basis of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and 3-month mortality. Results: Patients were 83 men (62.9%) and 49 women (37.1%) with a median age of 66 years [interquartile range (IQR)of 55-72]. Any type of hemorrhage, symptomatic hemorrhage [based on the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III (ECASS III) definition] within 24 hours posttreatment, poor 3-month outcome (mRS 3-6), and 3-month mortality were documented in 10.6%, 4.5%, 53.2%, and 23.6% of patients, respectively. Increased baseline blood glucose was a significant but dependent predictor of hemorrhage within the first 24 hours posttreatment. Dependent predictors of a 3-month poor outcome were high age, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at baseline, decreased admitting glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) rhythm, and ICH within 24 hours posttreatment. Only age [Odds ratio (OR) adjusted 1.05] and initial NIHSS (OR adjusted 1.23), however, were recognized as the independent variables in this regard. The only independent predictor of 3-month mortality was the initial NIHSS (OR adjusted 1.18). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, advanced age and high baseline NIHSS are two independent prognostic factors in patients with AIS treated with tPA. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1202 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1202/369

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 17 1 2018 01 15 38 46 EN Ozgur Karaahmet Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Ebru Umay Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Eda Gurcay Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Azize Serçe Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Ibrahim Gundogdu Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Aytul Cakci Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2017 10 28 2018 01 09 Background: A wide variety of factors influence stroke prognosis, including age, stroke severity, stroke mechanism, infarct location, comorbid conditions, clinical findings, and related complications. The aim of this study was to detect the prognostic determinants in patients with acute stroke for guiding rehabilitation. Methods: Patients with ischemic acute stroke were included in the study. Patients’ age, sex, education level, and marital status, premorbid personality traits, comorbidities such as current smoking status and alcohol consumption, regular exercise habits, and sleeping disorder were recorded. Motor assessment and daily activity skills were evaluated according to the Brunnstrom staging and Functional Independence Measure (FIM), respectively. Results: A total of 85 patients were studied. All patients’ motor and functional stages were significantly improved with the rehabilitation. The improvements in the upper extremity motor levels were less in whom over 76 years and smokers, in patients who had 4 and more comorbidities and sleep disorders. The functional improvement was less in whom over 76 years and men, and in patients who had 4 and more comorbidities and sleep disorders. Conclusion: The significant post-stroke predictor of insufficiency in functioning was having 4 or more risk factors. https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/view/1426 https://ijnl.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijnl/article/download/1426/370

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Current Journal of Neurology 2717-011X 17 1 2018 01 25 47 52 EN Farzad Rahmani Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Reza Rikhtegar Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran <